Spine

General

• Nerves & Dermatomes
• Brachial plexus
• Spinal Cord

Cervical Spine

• Atlas(C1) & Axis(C2)
• Anatomy Overview
• Calcific tendinitis of the longus colli muscle
• Post-operative C-spine
• Failed Bone Graft
• C-spine Hardware Overview (PDF)
• C-spine Hardware Overview (pdf)
• Disc Disease
• Degenerative myelopathy
• For every level
• Rate the degree of canal stenosis according to Muhle
• Rate the degree of cord flattening according to Kang
• Canal stenosis (Muhle)
• Cord flattening (Kang)

Thoracic Spine

• Thoracic Spine

Lumbar Spine

• Lumbar Anatomy
• Disc Herniation
• Modic changes
• Annular Tears
• HNP w Epidural Hematoma
• Disc with cyst
• Calcified intradural disc herniation
• Post-operative Spine
• Lumbar Fusion and Stabilization Hardware

Peds/Congenital

• Spine Anomalies
• Spina bifida
• Myelomeningocoele
• Scoliosis
• Cobb Angle
• Tethered Spinal Cord
• Ventriculus terminalis
• Diastematomyelia
• Dural Ectasia
• Scheuermann’s disease

Trauma

C-Spine

• Overview
• Spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality
• Unstable fractures
• Ligamentous Injury
• Hyperflexion Sprain
• Spinal cord injury
• Spinal cord syndromes



• Atlanto-occipital dislocation
• Jefferson fracture
• Odontoid fracture
• Hangman's fracture
• Extension Teardrop Fracture
• Flexion Teardrop Fracture

T & L-Spine

• Spine - Thoracolumbar injury
• T & L Spine injury - TLICS Classification

Bone

• Transient high density vertebral bone lesions
• Chordoma
• Giant Cell Tumor
• Osteoblastoma
• Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Inflammatory/Infection

• Myelopathy
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
• Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
• Acute transverse myelitis
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosisa
• Subacute Combined Degeneration
• HIV vacuolar myelopathy
• CMV radiculitis



• Erosion of the odontoid peg
• Atlanto-axial tuberculosis
• Discitis/osteomyelitis
• Pott disease (TB)
• Dialysis-Related Disease, Spondyloarthropathy

Nerve Roots

• DDx: Enlarged nerve roots
• Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (AIDP)
• Most common form of Guillain-Barre syndrome
• CMV radiculitis
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
• Dejerine-Sottas disease
• Sarcoidosis

Tumor/Lesion

Intramedullary

• Myelopathy
• Syrinx
• Astrocytoma
• Ependymoma
• Hemangioblastoma
• Spinal intramedullary metastasis
• Sarcoidosis



Extramedullary

• Subdural hemorrhage
• Extramedulllary tumors
• Arachnoid cyst
• Spinal Cord Herniation
• Nerve Sheath Tumors
• Meningioma
• Leptomeningeal spinal metastases



• Cauda Equina Tumor
• Myxopapillary ependymoma
• Paraganglioma



Epidural Space

• Epidural Space

Vascular

• Anatomy
• Spinal Cord Infarction
• Cavernous Malformation

Spinal arteriovenous malformations

• Classification
• Type 1 Vascular Malformation ((dAVF))
• Type 2 Vascular Malformation (Glomus-type AVM)
• Type 3 Vascular Malformation (Juvenile AVM)
• Type 4 Vascular Malformation (Perimedullary fistula)

Other

• Dens Inflammatory DDx:
• Craniovertebral pseudotumor
• Crowned dens syndrome
• Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
• Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
• Ankylosing spondylitis
• Andersson lesions
• Rugby jersey spine
• Lincoln log vertebrae (H- shape)
• Fish vertebra